Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications is a comprehensive book covering, in
one volume, both the fundamentals of digital electronics and the applications of digital devices and
integrated circuits. It is different from similar books on the subject in more than one way.
The book is divided into sixteen chapters covering seven major topics. These are: digital electronics
fundamentals (chapters 1 to 6), combinational logic circuits (chapters 7 and 8), programmable logic
devices (chapter 9), sequential logic circuits (chapters 10 and 11), data conversion devices and circuits
(chapter 12), microprocessors, microcontrollers and microcomputers (chapters 13 to 15) and digital
troubleshooting and instrumentation (chapter 16).
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In this project we show
that how we use microcontrollerto
control the working of the auto opening of railway fatak and auto shut down the
railway fathak. In this project we show different logical circuit.
1.Auto
opening of the railway fathak.
2.Auto
trackingpath indicator.
In this project we useone toy train as a moving train. One stepper
motor to opening and closing of the railway fathak. Few reed sensor to sense
the position of the path indication. And one LCD which show status of train.
One
microcontroller 8051 with 40 pin base. In this project we use 89s51/52
microcontroller as a main processor. Pin no 40 of this ic is connected to the
positive supply. Pin no 20 is connectedto the ground pin. LCD is connectedto the port P0. Here we use 2 by 16 lcd for display all thestation one by one. One reset pin for
theauto reset the microcontroller when
power is on. ON the reset pin we use One capacitor and resistor circuit . We
use 10 mfd capacitor and 10 k ohm resistor for the reset signal..
All
the reed sensor is connected to the port P1. second point of the reed sensor is
connected to theground pin. One magnet
is paste on the trainWhen train move on
the track then reed sensor activate automatically. And processor sense this
signaland then display on the lcd.
Opening and closing of the railway fathak is also control by the reed sensor.
Stepper
motor is connected to the port p2. For the stepper motor we require total four
output. Output of the stepper motor is converted into positive with the help of
the ic 4049.
Screenshot in proteus :-
This project is prototype of railway
signaling and tracking which show how we can track and reduces the accidents on
railway crossing and manage railway at very low cost.
In this project we use Atmel 89s52
microcontroller, seven reed sensors, leds,11.05Mhz crystal oscillator , one LCD screen, a center tap transformer
with two diods and 7805 for +5V regulated power supply, one motor for control
fathak(gate) and ULN2003A with not gate ic for drive motor .These component are
used in the circuit and circuit diagram is shown in above figure.
The regulated
power supply give 5V dc supply to the circuit and micro controller .The reed
sensor is use to check the status of train and there is a magnet connected in
the wheel of train and fathak(gate) is in between two reed sensor (reed 6 and
reed 7) .When is on reed sensor no. 6 the sensor give high pulse on port no.
P1.6 and the gate is closed and by default LCD show “Gate close” .And when
train is on sensor no. 7 then micro controller get high pulse on port P1.7 and
the gate is open and LCD show “Gate open” .Similarly at different different
reed sensor LCD show “Station 1,2,3 and so on…..” .By this system we can manage
railway much efficiently at low cost.
